What are the four ways to manage performance in individuals?

The correct answer identifies the four ways to manage individual performance, which revolve around understanding employees' emotional and attachment levels to their work. Affective commitment relates to the emotional connection a person feels towards their organization, while continuance commitment deals with the perceived costs associated with leaving the organization. Normative commitment refers to the feeling of obligation an employee has to remain with the organization.

While the other options provide practices that can impact performance management, they do not collectively encompass the broader emotional and psychological aspects of individuals' relationships with their work and organization as comprehensively as the correct choice. For instance, feedback and development focus more on operational strategies rather than the underlying commitment levels. Thus, the correct answer encapsulates the motivations behind why individuals choose to perform at certain levels within an organization.